Comprehensive Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Chronic Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a retrospective observational analysis at Allied Hospital 1 and 2 Faisalabad, Pakistan

Introduction : To determine epidemiology and associated risk factors of chronic complications in diagnosed patients of Diabetes type 2 admitted at tertiary care center Allied Hospital 1 and 2 Faisalabad, Pakistan. Research Design and Methods: Multicenter retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Allied Hospital 1 and 2, Faisalabad. Medical Charts of patients admitted in Surgical, Medical and Nephrological wards of year 2023 were reviewed, after taking ERC approval and permit to access record rooms. Based on inclusion criterion, random sampling technique was employed to reach sample size of 549. SPSS version 25 was used for extracting results. Results: Nephropathy was highest (55.55%) among all admitted patients, followed by cardiopathy 28.8%, cerebrovascular accident 26.8%, limb ischemia 22.4 %, neuropathy 1.8%, and retinopathy1.6%. Logistic-regression analysis has been used to discover modifiable and non- modifiable risk factors associated with each complication. HTN, Duration and Management of diabetes found to be significantly associated with nephropathy; Hypertension and Age with stroke; gender with cardiopathy; Hypertension and gender with limb ischemia. Hence lack of sugar monitoring at home, treatment compliance and hypertension management are modifiable risk factors that has caused the patients to land at tertiary care centers. Conclusion: The study identifies critical characteristics of diabetic patients hospitalized annually, revealing disease burden, patient flow, complications frequency, and risk factors of DMT2, aiding in the development of prophylactic and preventive strategies. Further research needed for more definitive conclusions.