Assessment of Portal Vein Thrombosis and Associated Factors Among Patients Admitted to Tibebe Ghion Hospital Medical Ward, Hepatology Unit, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, A Cross-sectional Study, 2025

Background Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a Liver vascular disease characterized by the development of a blood clot inside the portal vein's main branches or trunk. There is limited study on PVT and associated factors in Africa even with no study from Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of portal vein thrombosis and associated factors among patients at TGSH medical ward hepatology unit, Bahirdar, Ethiopia from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2024. Method A retrospective Cross-sectional study design was conducted from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2024, at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital. A simple random sampling technique was used to select a total of 422 patients. The Data was collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and a checklist for document review. Data was coded and entered into EpiData version 4.6 and exported into SPSS version 25 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with PVT at 95% confidence interval. The ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences of Bahir Dar University. Result A total of 407 study subjects were included, and 64 (15.7%) had portal vein thrombosis. Having a diagnosis of CLD, the AOR is 2.139 (95% CI: 1.017–4.499) with a p-value of 0.045, patients with HCC with an AOR of 3.912 (95% CI: 1.609–9.512) and a significant p-value of 0. 003. Platelet count > 450K, with an AOR of 4.574 (95% CI: 1.989–10.519) and a p-value of 0.001 were significantly associated with portal vein thrombosis. Conclusion and Recommendations: This study found a high prevalence of PVT among hospitalized patients, while CLD, HCC and elevated platelets significantly increasing risk. Future research should explore causal factors, thrombophilia, and broader patient groups for better prevention.