Risk Assessment of Synthetic Cell Technology in Environmental Remediation: A stakeholder policy perception analysis

Background As synthetic cells emerge as promising tools for targeted, efficient and sustainable environmental cleanup, there is a growing need to understand not only their technical potential but also the biosafety, biosecurity, and governance implications of their deployment in natural ecosystems. Despite their innovative promise, there are currently no standardized global frameworks to assess and manage their risks, particularly concerning ecological disruption, misuse, and public acceptance. Therefore, this study explored the dual nature of synthetic cells—as tools for ecological restoration. Method This study conducted a stakeholder perception analysis through 7 expert interviews and surveys involving 70 respondents, primarily from academia and the environmental policy sector. Thematic analysis was used to extract key concerns. Results Stakeholders highlighted strong support for the technology’s potential in pollutant degradation and climate mitigation. However, major concerns emerged around unintended gene transfer, containment failure, dual-use risks, and lack of international regulation. Thematic analysis revealed the need for bio-risk assessment strategies, containment measures, and regulatory oversight. Conclusion Recommendations included the development of standardized risk assessment protocols, lifecycle containment strategies, transparent public engagement, and international collaboration. Policymakers must act early to ensure that the environmental benefits of this emerging technology can be realized while mitigating associated risks.