Therapeutic Role of (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate in Reproductive Dysfunction and Gonadal Damage in a Diabetic Zebrafish Model

Background Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. Secondary complications may lead to reproductive dysfunctions such as congenital anomalies, preeclampsia, macrosomia, and neonatal hypoglycemia. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Epigallocatechin gallate, a polyphenol from green tea, in improving reproductive performance and gonadal histoarchitecture in zebrafish diabetic model. Materials and methods A total of four groups of zebrafish were used for the study: control, diabetes, diabetes treated with Epigallocatechin gallate, and control treated with Epigallocatechin gallate. The zebrafish were observed for 14 days post-fertilization. Reproductive parameters, including fecundity, fertilization percentage, hatchability, and survival rate, were assessed. Histopathological analysis of gonads was performed to evaluate structural damage in the ovaries and testes due to diabetes. Statistical analysis was used to compare the results between the groups. Results: The diabetic zebrafish exhibited a 57% higher rate of malformations, a lower fecundity of 244±4.7, and a 40% reduction in survival rate compared to the control group. Significant histopathological damage was observed in the gonads, with ovarian oocyte degeneration and atretic follicles, and male gonads showing vacuolation and spermatid degeneration. Treatment with Epigallocatechin gallate in diabetic zebrafish improved reproductive performance, with fecundity increasing to 274±5.0, reduced embryo deformities, and better-preserved gonadal histoarchitecture. Conclusion: Epigallocatechin gallate demonstrated potential in improving fertility and preserving gonadal health in diabetic zebrafish models, suggesting its therapeutic value for mitigating diabetes-induced reproductive dysfunctions. This study highlights Epigallocatechin gallate as a promising candidate for managing diabetes-related reproductive complications, warranting further exploration of its clinical applications.