Cultural Influences on Stigma and Coping in Oral Cancer Patients: A Cross-Cultural Study

Cultural beliefs shape how oral cancer patients perceive their diagnosis, seek help, and cope with psychological distress, particularly in the context of stigma associated with tobacco use. This prospective study examines stigma, help-seeking behaviour, and mental health outcomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients, comparing findings across Indian subcultures (rural vs. urban) and referencing global literature for cross-cultural insights. Conducted at H.P. Government Dental College and Hospital, Shimla, 56 patients were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-H&N43) at diagnosis, two weeks, one month, and six months post-treatment. Results reveal higher stigma and lower help-seeking in rural patients, correlating with elevated depression and stress. Urban patients reported better coping and QOL, despite similar tobacco-related stigma. Cross-cultural comparisons highlight shame as a barrier to care in tobacco-heavy regions. These findings underscore the need for culturally tailored psycho-oncological interventions to address stigma and enhance coping.