Bioactive Glyceroglycolipids from Marine Macroalgae: Isolation, Purification, and Potential Applications

Macroalgae are valuable marine resources, rich in bioactive glyceroglycolipids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study focused on optimizing extraction processes for glyceroglycolipids from Palmaria palmata , Chorda filum and Enteromorpha clathrate . Using single-factor and response surface experiments, optimal extraction conditions were established, yielding 69.96 mg g ^− 1 , 65.42 mg g ^− 1 , and 86.81 mg g ^− 1 glyceroglycolipids extracts, respectively. Then the extracts were analyzed for antioxidant and hygroscopic-moisturizing activities. The glyceroglycolipid extracts demonstrated significant effects in scavenging DPPH, hydroxyl, and ABTS radicals with rising concentrations, though their efficacy was lower than that of Vitamin C. The extracts showed hygroscopic and moisturizing properties superior to hyaluronic acid but inferior to glycerol under different humidity conditions. Further purification through liquid-liquid extraction, thin-layer chromatography, and silica gel column chromatography led to the isolation of specific glyceroglycolipids, including sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, digalactosyl diacylglycerol, and monogalactosyl diacylglycerol. Additionally, Channa argus fillets treated with glyceroglycolipids exhibited improved physicochemical indices compared to the control, effectively delaying spoilage by inhibiting growth of S. marcescens. These findings highlight the potential applications of marine macroalgae derived glyceroglycolipids in various fields, especially in meat preservation.