Analysis of clinical characteristics and prognostic factors influencing the prognosis of female patients with melanoma of the genital tract

Objective To explore the clinical features and prognostic factors influencing common female genital tract melanoma (PFGMM). Methods The clinical features and prognostic influencing factors of 60 patients with genital tract melanoma admitted to Sichuan Cancer Hospital from 2014 to 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Survival curves were drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test. The Cox proportional risk model was used for unifactorial and multifactorial prognostic analyses, and the results of 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival (Overall Survival, OS) of PFGMM patients were 73.3%, 53.3%, and 16.7%, respectively. The results of univariate analysis showed that whether or not menopause, with or without surgery, with or without chemotherapy, with or without immunotherapy and post-treatment relapse were significantly associated with OS (all P<0.05), and the results of multivariate analysis showed that those who were ≥55 years old (HR = 0.009, 95% CI 0.000-0.205, P = 0.003), those with underlying chronic diseases (HR = 0.021, and 95%CI 0.001-0.468, P = 0.015), those with sites in the lower middle segment (HR = 44.881, 95%CI 1.938-1039.154, P = 0.018), those who were menopausal (HR = 133.944, 95%CI 4.737-3787.135, P = 0.004), and those who did not undergo chemotherapy (HR = 0.069, 95% CI 0.006-0.870, P = 0.039), and patients without immunotherapy (HR = 0.024, 95% CI 0.002-0.362, P = 0.007) had a significantly shorter prognostic survival, suggesting that age, underlying disease, site, menopause, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy were the independent prognostic risk factors affecting patients' OS.