Determinants of Survival among Cervical Cancer Patients: A Hospital-Based Retrospective Study

Background Cervical cancer remains a major public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like India. Despite being preventable and treatable, it contributes significantly to female cancer mortality due to late diagnosis and limited access to comprehensive treatment. This study aims to identify key demographic, clinical, and treatment-related prognostic indicators influencing survival outcomes among cervical cancer patients in a tertiary care hospital in Varanasi, India. Data and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from 615 cervical cancer patients diagnosed between 2011 and 2021 at Sir Sunder Lal Hospital. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to estimate survival probabilities and assess the association of various factors with overall survival. Variables included age group, marital status, education, place of residence, stage at diagnosis, type of radiotherapy, and treatment combinations. Results The five-year survival rate was highest among patients diagnosed at an early stage (74.6%) and those receiving combined chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and brachytherapy (71.5%). Illiterate women had significantly lower survival rates (59.8%) compared to literate women (71.5%). Urban residents faced a higher risk of mortality than rural women, and advanced age (> 60 years) was associated with poorer survival outcomes. Cox regression confirmed that late-stage diagnosis (AHR = 1.62), illiteracy (AHR = 1.55), and urban residence (AHR = 1.53) were independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion This study highlights the critical role of early diagnosis, comprehensive treatment, and health literacy in improving cervical cancer survival. Addressing sociodemographic disparities and strengthening screening and awareness programs are essential for reducing cervical cancer mortality in India.