What does self-care mean to us? Self-care Package for Type-2 diabetes mellitus patients in rural area: findings from a Formative Research Study

Aims: Diabetes is a growing challenge in rural India, where limited healthcare and cultural beliefs hinder self-care. A structured, culturally relevant self-care package is crucial to improve management and reduce complications. This study explores self-care practices in rural Maharashtra to develop a community-driven package. Methods: This formative phase is part of a larger study using a stepped wedge cluster randomized feasibility trial with a closed cohort to assess the self-care package’s impact on glycemic control and well-being. Conducted in rural central Maharashtra (Nov 2023–March 2024), it explored diabetes self-care practices through a literature review, free listing, pile sorting, and in-depth interviews. Sample size was guided by data saturation to ensure richness and feasibility. Thematic analysis revealed key themes, with data triangulation ensuring culturally relevant insights. Results: The most salient practices included reducing sugar intake, regular walking, medication adherence, and dietary modifications. The study identified key components of diabetes self-care lifestyle, disease management, stress and addiction, diet and hydration, physical activity, and social well-being—highlighting community-driven strategies for a culturally relevant diabetes care framework. Conclusions: A structured, community-driven diabetes self-care package is essential for effective management in rural settings. Integrating cultural practices with evidence-based care enhances adherence and glycemic control.