Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Anticholinergic, Antidiabetic, and Antiglaucoma Potentials of Sage (Salvia adiyamanensis)

In this study, the antioxidant effect of ethanolic extracts were prepared from the aerial part of Salvia adiyamanensis was investigated through five methods, including DPPH⋅, ABTS, and Fe ³⁺ , Cu ²⁺ , Fe ³⁺ -TPTZ reducing assays. The IC50 values of extract was determined as 35.40 ± 8.35 and 29.50 ± 5.12 µg/mL for DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging assays. The enzyme inhibition property of the extract was investigated against α-glycosidase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, human carbonic anhydrase I, and human carbonic anhydrase II, as a result, IC ₅₀ values were determined as 30.78, 191.3, 8.02, 32.68 and 54.82 µg/mL, respectively. LC-MS/MS revealed that S. adiyamanensis compromised the characteristic phenolics including rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, luteolin, quercetin, apigenin, and caffeic acid of the Salvia genus. These findings strongly suggest that S. adiyamanensis has the potential to be a natural medicine for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, or glaucoma.