Negative association of composite dietary antioxidant index and peripheral artery disease in US participants :a cross-sectional study

Background : There is currently insufficient evidence regarding the relationship between the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). This association is of significant importance for both individual and public health. Understanding the correlation between CDAI and PAD is an increasingly relevant topic of research. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between CDAI and the occurrence of PAD. Methods : A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of the United States during the period 1999–2004. Data on demographic factors such as age, gender, race, education level, marital status, poverty income ratio, as well as health-related variables including physical activity, body mass index, smoking status, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes were collected. Logistic regression analysis, smooth curve fitting, and assessment of interaction effects were used to support the research objectives. Results : A total of 6,018 participants were included, of whom, 5.9% (358/6,018) reported having PAD. After adjusting for all covariates, CDAI remained negatively associated with PAD (OR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.92–1). When CDAI was divided into tertiles, the T2 group participants exhibited a reduced probability of PAD compared to those in the T1 group(OR=0.74;95% CI=0.56–0.98), the T3 group also showed a lower probability of PAD than the Q1 group(OR=0.93;95% CI=0.69–1.24), while considering potential confounding variables.Subgroup analysis showed similar patterns of association, with all P values for interaction being >0.05. Conclusions :. Our study provides evidence that CDAI is negatively associated with the incidence of PAD. Further exploration is needed to understand the relationship between CDAI and PAD.