Inverse association between dietary vitamins and hyperuricemia risk: a cross-sectional study.

Background Hyperuricemia (HUA), a metabolic disorder closely linked to gout, has shown a rising global prevalence. Vitamin intake may influence HUA development by modulating uric acid production or excretion. However, existing studies predominantly focus on single vitamins with inconsistent conclusions. Methods Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007 ~ 2018, we conducted multivariate logistic regression to examine associations between individual vitamins and HUA. Regularized regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and quantile-based g-computation (Qgcomp) were employed to assess the joint effects of multiple vitamins and identify key contributors. Results The study included 23,851 participants, with 4,679 (18.90%) diagnosed with HUA. After full adjustment for covariates, significant negative associations were observed between HUA and vitamins A, B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₉ , B ₁₂ , C, D, and E. Vitamin B ₃ exhibited a positive association. In the female subgroup, only vitamin B ₂ showed a negative association with HUA. Mixed models demonstrated an overall inverse effect of dietary vitamins on HUA risk. Regularized regression identified vitamin B ₂ as the strongest inverse predictor and B ₃ as the strongest positive predictor. WQS model (OR = 0.924, 95% CI: 0.904–0.944) highlighted vitamins B ₁ , E, and B ₂ as major contributors. Qgcomp (OR = 0.862, 95% CI: 0.819–0.906) identified vitamins B ₃ , B ₁ , and B ₂ as key factors. Conclusions the overall effect of dietary vitamins on HUA risk is protective. Vitamins B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ , C, D, and E emerged as key contributors. Moderately increasing intake of vitamins B ₁ , B ₂ , C, D, and E while reducing vitamin B ₃ consumption may help mitigate HUA risk.