An Epidemiological Study of Root Number, Length, and Canal Morphology in Extracted Mandibular Premolars from Adolescent Patients in Damascus

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the root number, length, and root canal anatomy of extracted mandibular premolars (MPs) from adolescents in Damascus. Materials and Methods: Immediately after extraction, the root number and maximum length were recorded. Each MP was then radiographed in buccolingual and mesiodistal directions using digital periapical radiographs, and the root canal morphology was classified based on Vertucci's classification. Subsequently, the previous findings were correlated with the patient's gender, and statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test and T-test in the SPSS program. Results: The sample included 216 first MPs and 132 second MPs. No significant differences were found between males and females regarding the frequency of one, two, or three roots. Most premolars had a single root. The mean length of the first MP was 21.9 mm, and the second MP was 21 mm, with males generally having longer MPs than females. There were no significant gender differences in the distribution of Vertucci types across MPs. Type I was the most common root canal configuration, followed by Type V. While Types IV and V were similarly prevalent in second MPs, Type V was more common in first MPs. Conclusion: Variations in root number and canal classifications are evident in MPs. Although gender does not influence the root number or canal morphology, males tend to have longer MPs.