Addressing risk factors of Santals Adivasis: Policy recommendations for non-communicable diseases in Bangladesh

Background There is increasing evidence that rate of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) vary among different groups. However, studies related to disease burden and its risk factors among ethnic minorities are rare in Bangladesh. To fill this gap, our study explores the prevalence of various risk factors for major NCDs among Santal Adivasis and compares the interrelationship among different groups of risk factors. Methods Employing purposive sampling techniques, data were collected from 389 respondents in Birgonj Upazila of Dinajpur district through a pretested questionnaire. In addition to socio-demographic-anthropometric factors, laboratory diagnoses were conducted following standard techniques. Data were analyzed using univariate regression analysis. Results The prevalence of shared immediate risk factors for NCDs is remarkably low among Santal Adivasis . Among the modifiable intermediate risk factors, the use of tobacco and harmful alcohol consumption from early adulthood poses major risks for cardiovascular diseases in this population. Males appear to be more vulnerable to behavioral risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption, while a significantly higher proportion of females suffer from impaired glucose tolerance. Conclution The findings of this study emphasize the importance of targeted policies and interventions to improve health outcomes in this ethnic minority group.