Spatial-Temporal Change of   COVID-19 in Settlement Footprint During Outside Curfews: NUTS 1 Regions in Turkey

In this study, regional differences are revealed by associating the spread of the novel coronavirus with the urbanization model (settlement footprint). The most appropriate temporal and spatial heterogeneity is shown by the GWTR spatial model. Remote sensing (Landsat 8), ERA5 climate data, and CAMS air pollution estimates were used for data consistency and diversity. In addition, data sensitivity was increased with statistical downscaling techniques. The interaction of the epidemic's spread with climatic, geographical, and socio-economic factors was analyzed holistically within the scope of the information obtained. The research and analysis of the COVID-19, is continuing in worldwide, transmission indicates that in addition to the implementation of strict lockdown measures, such as the restriction of movement, the imposition of curfews and the use of masks, settlement forms, geographical conditions and seasonal change are significant factors influencing the spread of the virus. In this study, the location and structure of settlements have been identified as a critical factor in the transmission of the disease. It covers 12 NUTS-1 regions with different structure in Turkey and the results are evaluated with the GTWR (Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression) model. Given the diverse geographical characteristics of Turkey, the impact of the settlement forms, geographical location and seasonal change on the transmission of the COVID-19 virus varies in settlement footprint. Furthermore, given the variation in urbanization structure, ecosystem characteristics and climate structure across different regions, the response of the examined variables, both individually and in combination, to transmission also varies.