Optimising Green Space Locations in Mzuzu City, Malawi: Integration of GIS Multi-Criteria Analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process

Urban green spaces serve as critical infrastructure for sustainable cities, yet their strategic implementation remains challenging, particularly in developing regions. This study develops a spatial decision support framework for optimal green space allocation in Mzuzu City, Malawi, employing an integrated approach of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Multi-Criteria Analysis, and Analytical Hierarchy Process. Eight environmental and socio-spatial parameters were analysed: population density, road network proximity, topographic gradient, elevation, vegetation indices, land use patterns, hydrological features, and nitrogen dioxide concentrations. The results indicate that the study area's 6.97% (1,099.65 ha) demonstrates high suitability for green space interventions, while 26.48% (4,178.68 ha) is deemed unsuitable. Population density emerged as the primary determinant, with a weight coefficient of 0.379. Spatial analysis revealed concentrated zones of high suitability in Mchengautuwa West, central-western Nkholongo/Lupaso, Masasa East, and eastern Kaning'ina, contrasting with limited opportunities in Zolozolo East and Msongwe. This research provides a replicable methodology for evidence-based urban greening initiatives in sub-Saharan African cities, contributing to equitable environmental planning and sustainable urban development.