Collaborative Frontiers in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology: Establishing an International Tumor Board for Enhanced Care and Global Impact

Background Central nervous system tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in children, with significant disparities in diagnostic and treatment capabilities between low- and middle-income countries and high-income countries. This study outlines the establishment of an international neuro-oncology tumor board to address these gaps. Methods The tumor board was initiated in January 2021 through a partnership between Washington University in St. Louis, USA, and nine institutions, ultimately expanding to 39 institutions across 25 countries. Monthly virtual meetings facilitated multidisciplinary case reviews offering diagnostic and management recommendations. A retrospective analysis of 29 sessions over three years was conducted, and a cross-sectional web-based survey among participants assessed their experiences and satisfaction. Results From January 2021 to December 2023, 101 cases were reviewed. The most diagnoses were low-grade gliomas (23.4%) and neurofibromatosis type 1 and 2 (32.7%). Newly diagnosed cases comprised 51%, while 40% involved recurrent or progressive disease, and 9% were inquiries during ongoing therapy. Recommendations predominantly addressed therapeutic strategies (60.7%). Advanced diagnostics, such as methylation profiling, refined diagnoses in several cases. The survey, with a 35% response rate, showed high satisfaction, with 91% finding the meetings educational. Barriers included time constraints (71%) and conflicting commitments (27%). Conclusion This initiative, to our knowledge, represents the largest international pediatric neuro-oncology tumor board. Multidisciplinary discussions improved diagnostic precision, informed therapeutic decision-making and facilitated educational exchange. Participants reported positive impacts on professional development and alignment with institutional needs. Despite challenges, this study highlights telemedicine’s potential to bridge resource disparities and improve the outcomes globally.