Identification and Quantification of Primary Pollutants Impacting Aquaculture in Mine Surface Plant Areas

The aim of this study was to investigate and identify the primary pollutants impacting aquaculture in mine surface plant areas of Kalumbila District. Water samples were collected from four sites near mining operations to analyze key pollutants, including iron, copper, and cobalt, along with water quality parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, and conductivity. Results revealed elevated cobalt levels (up to 60 mg/L at Site 1, far exceeding the recommended 0.01 mg/L), significant copper contamination, and slightly acidic conditions, particularly near the contamination source. Dissolved oxygen levels were lowest at Site 1 (4.5 ± 0.6 mg/L), indicating potential stress on aquatic life. The study demonstrated that proximity to mining activities exacerbates pollution levels, with pollutant concentrations decreasing at sites further away due to natural attenuation. The toxic effects of heavy metals, low DO, and high conductivity on aquatic ecosystems were assessed, highlighting severe risks such as gill damage, bioaccumulation, and osmotic stress, particularly at Site 1. These findings align with related studies on the ecological impacts of mining and emphasize the urgent need for targeted mitigation strategies. Recommendations include implementing advanced pollution control technologies, enhancing monitoring systems, and promoting sustainable mining practices. The study underscores the importance of balancing industrial activities with environmental preservation to safeguard aquatic ecosystems and local livelihoods.