Evaluation of Water Quality in the Tamiš River in Serbia Using the Water Pollution Index: Key Pollutants and Their Sources

This study evaluates water quality of the Tamiš River, left tributary of Danube in Serbia, at the Jaša Tomić and Pančevo hydrological stations from 2011 to 2016 and 2018 to 2022 applying the Water Pollution Index (WPI) to identify key pollutants and their sources. The analysis revealed that both stations exhibit increased levels of nitrites and orthophosphates. Pančevo hydrological station recorded particularly high orthophosphate concentrations and significantly higher levels of total coliforms, notably in 2015, indicating severe microbial contamination likely from urban runoff, inadequate wastewater treatment, and agricultural activities. At the Jaša Tomić hydrological station, notable deviations were observed in suspended solids and heavy metals, including iron, manganese, and nickel. These increased levels suggest contributions from soil erosion, industrial discharges, and agricultural runoff. WPI indicated moderate to high pollution levels, with the most drastic example at the Pančevo hydrological station, classified as extremely poor in 2015. Taking into account that water quality assessment of the Tamiš River in Serbia has not been conducted since 2009, this study provides new results of water quality status. The Tamiš River, has been affected by various anthropogenic influences, necessitating regular monitoring and assessment. The findings underscore the need for integrated water management strategies to mitigate pollution and protect aquatic ecosystems.