In-situ Synthesis of g-C 3 N 4 with Nitrogen Vacancy and Cyano Group via One-pot Method for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
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In-situ synthesis of g-C 3 N 4 containing nitrogen vacancies and cyano group via one-pot method using urea as the precursor. The structural, morphological or electrochemical properties of synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, BET analysis, TEM, FTIR, UV-DRS, PL, XPS and EPR. It was found that the nitrogen vacancy was successfully introduced into g-C 3 N 4 . Compared to pure g-C 3 N 4 , the (200) crystal plane in XRD of synthesized g-C 3 N 4 showed slight red-shift, and the BET surface areas had changed from 27.5 to 35.7 m 2 · g − 1 , which could provide more reaction center and active site. TEM confirmed that g-C 3 N 4 and V N -g-C 3 N 4 were porous materials, and FTIR, XPS as well as EPR could prove the presence of nitrogen vacancies and cyano group. The UV-Vis absorption edge of V N -g-C 3 N 4 demonstrated briefly red-shift, PL intensity and lifetime of carriers declined in comparison with pure g-C 3 N 4 . Electrochemical test results showed that enhanced charge separation efficiency and low recombination rate of charge carriers of V N -g-C 3 N 4 . The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was researched by RhB degradation and ACT removal under visible light irradiation, the results showed the rate of RhB degradation on the V N -g-C 3 N 4 was 81%, which was 1.4-fold as high as that of g-C 3 N 4 in visible light. The degradation contribution from the active species were h + (67.3%) > 1 O 2 (63.0%)>•OH (49.4%) >•O 2 − (20.3%) > e − (20.1%) > H 2 O 2 (0.2%), and V N -g-C 3 N 4 exhibited excellent ACT removal rate,which was 1.6-fold higher than that of pure g-C 3 N 4 in visible light. This study provides an efficient photocatalyst for the treatment of toxic wastewater.
