Imaging Features of Epithelial Lacrimal Gland Tumors: A Retrospective MRI Analysis of Benign and Malignant Lesions

Objective Lacrimal gland tumors are uncommon and encompass a diverse array of entities, including benign epithelial and lymphoid lesions, high-grade carcinomas, lymphomas, and sarcomas. Each presents significant variations in prognosis and clinical management. Our study aims to analyze the imaging signs of MRI examination of epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland and their differential diagnostic value. Method A retrospective study enrolled 42 patients with confirmed epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland who had surgery at Wuhan University People's Hospital from October 2015 to June 2024. Patients were categorized into benign pleomorphic adenoma and malignant tumor groups based on factors such as tumor size, morphology, boundary, signal, enhancement pattern, bone destruction, cystic change, and cuneiform sign Results Benign pleomorphic adenoma (57.1%) was more common than malignant epithelial tumors (42.9%). The benign group had a lower age of onset and was more prevalent in females, while the malignant group showed the opposite pattern. Significant differences existed in size, morphology, borders, bone destruction, and cuneiform sign (P < 0.05). The malignant tumors often surpassed 3 cm, displayed irregular morphology and unclear borders, and were prone to bone destruction and cuneiform signs. The T2WI signal difference was also significant (P < 0.05), with malignant tumors primarily showing a mixed T2WI signal with a heterogeneous isometric signal. Conclusion MRI examination reveals the internal structure and relationship of epithelioid tumors in the lacrimal gland. It aids in the localization and diagnosis of benign pleomorphic adenoma and malignant epithelial tumors.