A Mixed Methods Study Exploring Barriers and Enablers to Physical Activity Participation Among Women in Coastal Communities.

Background: Physical inactivity is a critical global health issue that contributes to increased morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Regular physical activity (PA) benefits both physical and mental health, with particular importance for women, who face increased risks for chronic conditions associated with inactivity. This study examines barriers to and enablers of PA participation among women in coastal communities in East England, a population particularly affected by socioeconomic, environmental, and logistical challenges to maintaining active lifestyles. Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods convergent parallel design, integrating qualitative and quantitative data collected from 112 adult women recruited through local PA and weight loss programmes. Data collection utilised the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale (EBBS), alongside scenario-based and open-ended qualitative questions. The quantitative data were analysed via descriptive statistics and logistic regression in SPSS, whereas the thematic analysis of the qualitative data was conducted in NVivo. Results: Quantitative findings indicate that healthcare professionals (40%) are the primary source of PA information, with health benefits (36%) being the main motivator. Key barriers include family responsibilities (45%), low self-confidence (31%), and limited access to facilities (27%). Logistic regression revealed that women with family caregiving roles and existing health conditions were less likely to engage in PA. Qualitative data further highlight psychological and environmental barriers, alongside motivators such as medical advice, social support, and personal goals, which significantly impact PA participation. Conclusions: Women in coastal communities face unique socioenvironmental and psychological barriers to PA engagement. Effective interventions may need to incorporate multilevel, community-based approaches that address these specific challenges. This study highlights the potential for tailored interventions that leverage health advice, support networks, and culturally relevant programming to foster sustainable PA engagement among women in similar settings.