Value of APOB/APOA1 ratio in prediction of calcific aortic valve disease

Background: Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD) is a prevalent heart valve disease. The ratio of two apolipoproteins with distinct functions (APOB/APOA1) has been proposed as a novel assessment index for the evaluation of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this article is to discuss the role of lipids parameters such as APOB/APOA1 in CAVD and the risk factors for CAVD, to develop a predictive model for CAVD, and to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of this model. Method: Patients who initially presented to the Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University between 1 January 2023 and 31 December 2023 were retrospectively identified and included in the study. Patients were divided into an aortic valve calcification group (111 cases) and a control group (201 cases) based on CT findings. The patients' clinical data, laboratory examination results, and chest CT images were collected and analyzed. A variety of statistical methods were used to analyses risk factors for CAVD in order to construct a CAVD prediction model and to assess its sensitivity and specificity. Results：Lipid parameters APOA1, APOB/APOA1, cumulative LDL exposure and non-HDL/HDL were significantly associated with aortic valve calcification. Age, history of diabetes, DBP, APOB/APOA1, Cys-c and NLR are identified as independent risk factors for CAVD, and the combination of the above indexes in the prediction of aortic valve calcification was 0.796, corresponding to a sensitivity of 0.769 and a specificity of 0.755. Conclusion: APOA1, APOB/APOA1, cumulative LDL exposure, and Non-HDL/HDL have been demonstrated to be associated withCAVD. Furthermore, age, history of diabetes mellitus, DBP, APOB/APOA1, Cys-c, and NLR have been identified as valid predictors of CAVD.