Bisphenols Exposure Correlated with Metabolic Syndrome Incidence via Inflammatory Response: Evidence from NHANES 2013-2015

Background Few studies have demonstrated a correlation between bisphenol (BP) exposure and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (Mets). In the present study, we aimed to identify individuals at high risk of developing MetS who were exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) or bisphenol S (BPS) by their systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and oxidative balance score (OBS) and the related molecular mechanism. Methods In the present study, we analyzed data from 1135 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2013–2015). Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the associations between the SII/OBS or BPA/BPS and Mets risk. Network pharmacology was used to predict and verify the molecular targets and pathways of BPS in the treatment of Mets. Results Mets had a positive correlation with the SII. Although there was no association between the OBS score and the risk of MetS, a higher OBS score has the potential to reduce the incidence of MetS. BPS exposure, but not BPA exposure, exhibited a positive relationship with the risk of MetS even after adjusting for partial covariates. There was an interaction between BPS and OBS. Furthermore, a total of 87 core targets of BPS that bind to Mets were identified by Cytoscape, and they were found to be involved mainly in metabolic process regulation. AKT and INS were the key genes affected by BPS in the presence of Mets. Conclusion This study confirmed that the interaction between BPS exposure and OBS increased the risk of Mets and that AKT and INS play key roles in the regulation of BPS-induced Mets.