Association of Glycated Hemoglobin with Coagulation and Biochemical Profiles in Type II Diabetes Patients – a Case Control Study

Introduction: Persistent hyperglycaemia in diabetes can lead to abnormal blood clotting due to the glycation of haemoglobin and other clotting proteins. Shortened activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), altered levels of other clotting factors, and biochemical markers may indicate a higher risk of blood clot formation, which can contribute to vascular diseases and impact kidney function. Methods This study examined 150 diabetic patients (cases) and 150 healthy participants (controls) to analyse how their clotting and biochemical profiles were affected by glycemic control. Data on participants' demographics, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle were collected. Blood samples were analysed using automated coagulation and chemistry analysers. Results The coagulation tests revealed that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially those with poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 6.5), had significantly shorter APTT and PT, along with lower international normalized ratio (INR), raised D-dimer levels, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared to healthy controls and the differences were statistically significant. However, although fibrinogen levels, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), and renal function markers were higher in the T2DM patients than in the controls, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion These findings suggest that individuals with T2DM particularly when poorly controlled may be more susceptible to thrombus formation due to increased activation of prothrombotic coagulation factors.