Trends and variation of PM2.5 in Antananarivo in the capital city of Madagascar
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This study aims to evaluate the temporal variations of PM2.5 concentration , as well as its daily variation during the fire season in 2023 in tropical settings like Antananarivo Madagascar. PM2.5 concentrations were recorded in 8 localities using PurpleAir low-cost devices for one year. We then establish air quality patterns in conjunction with meteorological and environmental factors that may influence variations in PM2.5 concentrations. The annual PM2.5 concentrations ranged between 21.6 μg/m 3 -31.9 μg/m 3 , exceeding the World Health Organization annual threshold (5 μg/m 3 ), where the daily PM2.5 concentrations were in the range 8.4 –130.42 μg/m 3 . During May-June the percentage of days where the air quality was unhealthy for sensitive groups is above 30%. It increased to 70% in October and November. A bimodal pattern with higher concentration during the morning (02:00 - 07:00 a.m) and evening (05:00-09:00 pm) were found. Dry weather, rainfall and atmospheric stability influenced the daily PM2.5 variations. Low wind speed and atmospheric stability favor its accumulation and increase the concentration of PM2.5.
