Assessment of the Health and Economic Benefits of PM 2.5 -O 3 Composite Pollution in Henan Province, China, 2020–2024
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This study analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution of PM 2.5 and O 3 pollution across 17 cities in Henan Province, China, from 2020 to 2024, assessing associated health and economic impacts. Results indicate that while PM 2.5 levels showed a general decline, O 3 concentrations exhibited a fluctuating upward trend, with more pronounced pollution in northern and central regions. March–May and September–October were identified as peak periods for composite pollution. In 2024, PM 2.5 -related premature deaths decreased by 10.6–12.0% compared to 2020, while O 3 -related deaths increased by approximately 22.0%. Scenario projections suggest that achieving Class I standards of GB 3095 − 2012 by 2030 could reduce premature deaths attributable to PM 2.5 and O 3 by 83.3% and 13.5%, respectively, with potential economic benefits of RMB 65.8 billion. The findings emphasize the need for coordinated pollution control to maximize health and economic benefits.
