Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and their cardiac profile in a tertiary care hospital in Southern India: A Prospective study

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has been one of the major risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Diabetes Mellitus and ACS are seen to have increased prevalence in our country mainly because of altered lifestyle and lack of awareness among general public, resulting in India being often called the "Diabetic capital of the World" Aim: To study the incidence of New onset DM in patients presenting with ACS and also to compare the baseline characteristics and coronary profile among New onset DM, Known DM and Nondiabetic in group of patients presenting as ACS Methods and Results: This prospective study was conducted at a single center over 1-year 5 Months duration (January 2023-May 2024). All the consecutive ACS patients admitted to our cardiology department of the hospital, were enrolled in the study. Data collected included baseline demographics like age, sex, smoking status, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and coronary interventions in past. Serum HbA1c test was done for all patients. All patients were treated as per the Standard Cardiology Guidelines. All the parameters were compared between three groups;; New Onset DM, Known DM and Non Diabetics. A total 400 ACS patients were enrolled, out of which 119(29.75%) were detected as New Onset DM. Male to female ratio was 3:1. New Onset DM category had higher incidence of STEMI as well as triple vessel disease (TVD) in our study, which was statistically significant (p=0.002). Polycythemia was associated with higher incidence of STEMI in our study. (p=0.002) Conclusion: DM, newly or previously diagnosed, is associated with poor long term outcomes. However New Onset DM will have more adverse coronary profile (TVD) and have higher chances of having STEMI, further emphasizing the need for routine screening of DM in adults when they present as ACS