Radiological findings in patients with Nasal Polyposis and its relation with chronic allergic disease

Introduction: Nasal polyposis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition affecting the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, leading to significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. Characterized by non-cancerous mucosal growths, nasal polyps result from ongoing inflammation and commonly obstruct airflow, causing distressing symptoms. This study investigates the radiological characteristics of nasal polyposis and their correlation with chronic allergic diseases, particularly allergic rhinitis and asthma. Methods A retrospective study was conducted at Damascus Hospital, Syria, analyzing medical records, radiological reports, and surgical findings of 110 patients diagnosed with nasal polyposis from January 2015 to September 2019. A structured questionnaire gathered demographic and clinical data. Radiological assessments were performed using the Lund-Mackay scoring system, while surgical classifications were based on the presence of polyps in specific sinuses. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics and t-tests, were employed to identify significant relationships between variables. Results The cohort included 57 males (51.8%) and 53 females (48.2%), with a mean age of 37.3 years. Predominant symptoms included nasal obstruction (98.2%), anterior rhinorrhea (80.9%), and hyposmia (80%). Asthma was present in 30% of participants, and aspirin sensitivity was noted in 24.5%. Statistically significant associations were observed between higher radiological and surgical scores and the presence of asthma (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001, respectively), as well as with aspirin sensitivity (p = 0.004 and p = 0.002). No significant correlations were found between classifications and allergic symptoms or sleep apnea. Discussion The findings align with previous studies highlighting the relationship between nasal polyposis, asthma, and aspirin sensitivity. Our study’s prevalence rates for asthma and allergic symptoms are consistent with existing literature. Higher polyp scores correlate with asthma presence, suggesting shared inflammatory pathways. Conclusion This research underscores the importance of radiological evaluations in understanding nasal polyposis and its associations with chronic allergic diseases. Improved insights into these relationships may enhance diagnostic accuracy and inform targeted therapeutic strategies for affected patients.