Amino Acid Analysis in Polyp Tissue of Patients with Nasal Polyposis: A Prospective Study

Background Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) is a persistent inflammatory disease that affects more than 10% of the adult population worldwide. This condition negatively impacts quality of life and work productivity while increasing the burden on healthcare systems. Nasal polyps, which typically originate from the ethmoid sinuses and are usually bilateral, are a hallmark feature of CRSwNP and are most commonly observed in middle-aged men. The aim of this study is to investigate the amino acid composition of pathological and normal sinonasal tissues in patients diagnosed with CRSwNP in order to identify potential biochemical markers for early diagnosis and treatment. Methods Between May and December 2021, 30 patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) at Harran University Training and Research Hospital were evaluated. Preoperative assessments included nasal endoscopy, paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT), and blood tests. During surgery, both pathological and adjacent normal tissue samples were collected and stored at –80°C. These samples were later homogenized and analyzed for their amino acid content. Data were recorded using IBM SPSS Statistics v.22.0 (IBM Corp.; Armonk, NY, USA), and statistical analyses were performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Independent Samples t-Test, and F-Test (One-way ANOVA). Results The analyses focused on identifying specific amino acid patterns that distinguish pathological tissue from normal mucosa. Preliminary findings indicate alterations in amino acid composition and changes in metabolic activity in inflamed tissues. All amino acids, except glutamine, were found to be significantly elevated. No statistically significant differences were observed with respect to gender. A significant correlation was found between the prevalence of nasal polyps and the Lund-Mackay CT score. Conclusions CRSwNP impairs sinonasal immune function and mucosal integrity. Identifying specific amino acids involved in this process may help elucidate the inflammatory mechanisms of the disease and support the development of targeted therapies. This research contributes to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of CRSwNP and offers novel approaches for biomarker-based diagnostic methods. Trial registration: Not applicable.