Ecology and distribution of Paeonia tenuifolia species in Romania

Paeonia tenuifolia , a species with a limited distribution in Romania, is in decline due to anthropogenic impact. Characterized by a limited range of ecological tolerance, this species is highly vulnerable to changes induced by human activity. The study aims to present the eco-coenotic conditions and to update the distribution of the P. tenuifolia species in Romania. In this context, the records from the literature were verified. Phytocoenological relevés were also carried out in each registered population. The assessment of the state of the P. tenuifolia population was carried out according to the criteria of Article 17 of the Habitats Directive. P. tenuifolia was recorded in 14 localities in Transylvania (one record) and Dobrogea (13 records). The number of individuals / 100 m ² varied from 5 to 70. The main threats to the species are manual collection, vandalism, and overgrazing. The number of populations and individuals has decreased significantly compared to literature data. Regarding plant associations, P. tenuifolia was recorded most frequently in the associations Stipo ucrainicae-Festucetum valesiacae , Agropyro pontici - Thymetum zygioidis and Festuco rupicolae-Brachypodietum pinnati . The populations from Dobrogea occur in areas with warmer temperatures, moderate precipitation, and soils from neutral to weakly alkaline. In contrast, the population from Transylvania occurs in areas with higher elevation, colder temperatures, higher precipitation, and weakly alkaline soils. The current trend of the area occupied by the population is decreasing. The population's conservation status and changes in the surface distribution pattern of the habitat type are unfavourable-inadequate. The largest population of P. tenuifolia in Romania is in Coroana (Constanța County).