Magnitude, levels of and factors associated with depression among adult individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending at diabetic follow up clinic in primary healthcare unit in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023: A Facility Based Cross-Sectional study

Background : Depression is a prevalent yet often under-recognized comorbidity among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), negatively affecting their quality of life, treatment adherence, and clinical outcomes. However, the prevalence, severity, and associated factors of depression among diabetic patients attending primary healthcare follow-ups in Ethiopia remain insufficiently studied. Objectives : This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among adults with T2DM attending the diabetic follow-up clinic at Mikililand Health Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2023. Methods : A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 159 adults with T2DM from July to August 2023. Data were collected using pretested interviewer-administered questionnaires and chart reviews via Kobo Toolbox. Depression was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 26, and multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of depression (p < 0.05). Results : Of 159 participants (response rate: 98.15%), 41.5% were found to have depression. Significant factors associated with depression included living in rented housing [AOR = 5.93, 95% CI: 1.74–20.15], longer diabetes duration [AOR = 16.04, 95% CI: 1.64–111.30], family history of diabetes [AOR = 4.42, 95% CI: 1.04–18.70], diabetes-related complications [AOR = 9.17, 95% CI: 2.87–29.31], and alcohol use [AOR = 30.15, 95% CI: 4.67–194.63]. Conclusion and Recommendations : This study highlights the high prevalence of depression among adults with T2DM and identifies critical risk factors. Integrating mental health care into diabetes management in resource-limited settings is essential to improve overall well-being.