Association between the oxidative balance score and cognitive function: evidence from NHANES 2011-2014
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Background With the global aging population, the prevalence of Cognitive impairment (CI) has significantly increased. Despite extensive research, the role of oxidative stress in CI remains underexplored, with limited studies directly linking oxidative balance score (OBS) to cognitive function. This study aims to investigate the association between OBS and cognitive function using data from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods Data from 2103 participants aged 60 years and older were analyzed in this study. OBS was calculated using 16 dietary components and 4 lifestyle factors.Cognitive function was assessed by a combination of tests such as CERAD, AFT and DSST. The association between OBS and cognitive function was assessed using logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses after adjusting for confounders such as age, sex, and comorbidities. Results Key findings indicate a significant positive association between higher OBS and better cognitive function across all assessed domains, even after adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses revealed that this association was particularly pronounced in individuals with liver disease and stroke, suggesting that oxidative stress might have a more detrimental impact on cognitive function in these populations. Conclusion The present study provides strong evidence that higher OBS is significantly associated with better cognitive function in older adults. Dietary and lifestyle interventions to improve oxidative balance may be an effective strategy to protect cognitive health.