Manganese Overexposure: Unveiling its Neurotoxic Potential and Involvement in Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease

Currently, the globe is undergoing a modern era and down the line, increased availability of luxurious goods and convenience (pesticides, utensils and comfy clothes) are also potential downsides to consider. Woefully, the manufacturing process of various essential need metals and chemicals. One such is manganese, an element, ubiquitously present in fruits and vegetables. Research substantiates that excessive exposure to Mn is deleterious to health and potentially leads to life-threatening diseases. In this context, Parkinson’s disease, is an insidious neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurones. The exact pathological culprit is still unknown and oxidative stress and inflammation are perceived to be the major delinquent. Overexposure to Mn disrupt various physiological process and cause inhibition of the ETC complex, mitochondrial failure, ROS generation, a-synuclein oligomerization, glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and inflammation. In the present study, 28 days of intraperitoneal exposure to Mn ameliorate the motor coordination and grip strength confirmed by the strength glass chamber test and string test respectively. Moreover, the level of inflammatory marker and oxidative stress marker was also found to be increased. Cellular apoptosis was confirmed by estimating the caspase 3 level. Dopamine and glutamate levels were accessed by RP-HPLC in animal brain homogenate. The study comes to an end that overexposure to Mn is detrimental and cause neurotoxicity.