Silver nanoparticles loaded with Origanum majorana leaves extracts attenuates the vascular endothelial cell senescence by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress

Background Aging is thought to be associated with vascular endothelial cell dysfunction or senescence upon oxidative stress. Hence, the need of therapeutic agent to protect cells from oxidative stress intracellularly without functional loss also with high bioavailability is the biggest challenge. Methods In the present study, we used AgNO ₃ serving as reducing and capping agents to synthesis silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using commonly used aromatic plant ( Mentha piperita , Mentha longifolia and Origanum majoran a) extracts. The identification of phytochemical was carried out by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analytical techniques including UV–vis absorption spectroscopy confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles. FT-IR, identified the capping and reduction processes of functional groups in the Ag-NPs. SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), confirmed the uniform shape and size of the synthesized Ag-NPs. Results We found Origanum majorana (OM) effectively reduced with Ag-NPs and exhibited better nanoparticle-formation than the rest of the samples. Further, 2 mg/mL concentration of OM-Ag-NPs, the PDI results yielded evidence of good stability and dispersion. In addition, both the extracts and their corresponding Ag-NPs utilized to assesss their protective and beneficial effects on oxidative stress-induced HUVECs, which include nuclear damage, morphological changes associated with apoptosis, and alterations in gene expression levels. OM and its nanoparticles treated to HUVECs for 48 h increased vascular cells proliferation confirmed in MTT assay, observed with normal morphology, and mRNA expression levels confirmed the decrease of lipid peroxides (LPO), increasing antioxidants (SOD, GSK-3β, and GPx), increasing oxidative phosphorylating (CYP1a), and decreasing Tumor suppression (p53). Conclusion OM and its nanoparticles are considered to be beneficial for the prevention of H ₂ O ₂ induced oxidative stress, it may be a promising preventive agent for endothelial cell senescence and aging.