Magnitude and determinants of biological risk factors of non-communicable diseases among reproductive age women in Gofa and Basketo Zones, Southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

Background :- The prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among women of reproductive age has surged two fold in various African countries. This escalation in NCD burdens combined with inadequate access to sexual and reproductive health services is progressively impacting women of reproductive age, posing substantial risks to forthcoming generations. This research endeavors to evaluate the extent of biological risk factors and their associated determinants among women of reproductive age in the Gofa and Basketo Zones of Southern Ethiopia. Methods : A community-based survey following the World Health Organization (WHO) stepwise approach was undertaken, employing a multistage cluster sampling method to select participants from the designated zones. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software encompassing descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression. Associations were deemed statistically significant if the p-value was ≤ 0.05. Result : Approximately 27.0% of participants exhibited one or more biological risk factors. Significant associations were observed among participants in older age groups, residing in rural areas, those with lower educational attainment, belonging to the Gofa zone, those from households with higher wealth index, widowed/divorced individuals, single individuals, government employees, merchants, and housewives. Additionally, those with larger family sizes (>4), getting no health professional advice, had a family history of NCD and were not members of a functional women development army (WDA) displayed statistically significant associations with the co-occurrence of biological risk factors. Conclusion : The escalation of biological risk factors is concerning, highlighting the urgency for targeted community-based interventions. Prioritizing older age groups, rural residents, individuals from households with higher wealth status, and lower educational attainment is advised. Implementing family-oriented changes and reinforcing healthcare systems are crucial. Policy and socio-political factors influencing the rise of NCD risk factors should also be addressed.