<span class="word">Research <span class="word">on <span class="word">Layered <span class="word">Control <span class="word">and <span class="word">Fault <span class="word">Recovery <span class="word">Mechanisms <span class="word">for <span class="word">Fast <span class="word">Charging <span class="word">Safety <span class="word">Diagnosis <span class="word">of <span class="word">High <span class="word">Voltage <span class="word">Battery <span class="word">Systems <span class="word"><span class="changedDisabled">Under <span class="word">Charging <span class="word">Network <span class="word">Interoperability <span class="word">Conditions

In public DC fast-charging scenarios, protocol inconsistencies, current-limiting variations, and communication anomalies often lead to handshake failures, current oscillations, voltage overshoot, and delayed fault recovery. Under high-power conditions, mishandling these issues can cause prolonged high-temperature, high-stress battery operation, elevating safety risks. To address this, a fast-charging safety framework is proposed, integrating hierarchical control, fault diagnostics, and staged recovery for high-voltage battery systems. A charging state machine is designed to cover phases such as handshake, pre-charge, CC/CV transition, derating, disconnection, and recovery. Transition nodes include consistency checks to handle packet loss, timing errors, and abnormal responses. Charging current is generated through a constrained optimization model incorporating cell voltage, temperature rise, predicted power limits, protection boundaries, equipment constraints, and diagnostics-based disconnection triggers. The system enables smooth, recoverable current control and active fault response. Tests across 3,000 sessions show a 38% drop in interruption rate, recovery time cut from 6.5 s to 2.1 s, voltage overshoot reduced by 45%, and peak temperature rise lowered by 0.8–1.3 °C. This validates the framework’s effectiveness for safe, stable fast charging in complex, interoperable networks.