The Logic and Philosophy of Numbers in Cameroonian Ejagham

Background: Ejagham, an endangered African language, has received limited scholarly focus compared to other African languages. Most studies emphasise grammar and sociolinguistics, while its number system remains underdocumented. Number systems in underdocumented languages like Ejagham are rarely examined for their cognitive, philosophical, or symbolic dimensions. Yet, Ejagham’s counting system may encode concepts of economy, hierarchy, memory, and logic, reflecting broader cultural values. Objective: This paper analyses the Ejagham counting system from one to ten, seeking to understand its structure, cultural reasoning, and mnemonic potential. It also aims to support the documentation and promotion of this endangered language. Method: This study focuses on the Cameroonian variety of Ejagham, also known as Eastern Ejagham. It employs critical analysis, an insider perspective, and simple arithmetic to examine patterns and explore possible connections. The numbers are transcribed using the International Phonetic Alphabet. Results: Ejagham numbers from one to ten follow a cultural logic: larger numbers are formed additively and spoken first, reflecting seniority and economic mastery. A distinct word for ten confirms a decimal system. Conclusion and Recommendation: This research argues that Ejagham’s numerical expressions reflect a worldview grounded in economy, seniority, symmetry, and cognitive efficiency. The cultural logic embedded in Ejagham numbers contributes to ongoing efforts to document this endangered language. Increased scholarly and financial support is vital for its preservation and for further interdisciplinary study.