Green Transition in Automotive Engineering: A Comparative Analysis of Evolution in Developed vs. Emerging Markets

Background: The automotive industry is undergoing a deep transformation driven by 9 the global green transition. This change follows divergent trajectories in developed and 10 emerging markets due to differences in regulation, infrastructure, and economic con- 11 straints. The research methodology is adapted to incorporate different factors of influence 12 and contraints. The research applies a structured Failure Mode and Effects Analysis 13 (FMEA) based on IEC 60812:2018 and AIAG & VDA (2019), and integrates the Analytic 14 Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize corrective measures. Concepts from adaptive risk 15 management, informed by expert consensus and literature-backed data, are also used to 16 interpret dynamic behavior of supply chains and market volatility. The comparative anal- 17 ysis successfully highlights the systematic RPN Divergence between market types, reveal- 18 ing critical differences in failure mode profiles, risk priorities, and capacity to adopt miti- 19 gation strategies. The hybrid FMEA-AHP approach reduces subjectivity and provides 20 transparent prioritization tailored to market maturity. The integrated methodology sup- 21 ports decision-making in electrification programs and offers a robust framework for 22 benchmarking complex transition processes across regions.