Moon’s Paradox: Why the Moon Is Not a Planet Based on Desmos

In the Earth–Moon–Sun system, the Newtonian gravitational force exerted by the Sun on the Moon exceeds the force exerted by the Earth. A naive force-magnitude interpretation might therefore suggest that the Moon should be classified as a planet orbiting the Sun rather than as a satellite of the Earth. Newtonian mechanics resolves this situation through relative motion and stability analysis; however, it does not introduce a primitive scalar criterion that determines binding dominance in multi-body systems. This paper presents Desmos theory as an axiomatic framework that embeds Newtonian gravity as a strict special case, connects consistently with General Relativity through a metric-based transformation, and admits a formal correspondence with energy quantization. Desmos is interpreted as a causal and explanatory layer that classifies structural binding prior to dynamics, geometry, or quantization.