Connecting the Airways: Current Trends in United Airway Diseases

The diagnosis and management of UAD require an integrated, multidisciplinary approach. Diagnostic strategies combine clinical evaluation, imaging (CT), allergy testing, biomarker measurement (such as FeNO, blood eosinophils, IgE), and pulmonary function testing (spirometry, IOS) to phenotype the disease. Therapeutic management is stratified and aims to control inflammation and symptoms in both compartments. Cornerstones include topical corticosteroids (intranasal and inhaled) and saline irrigations. For severe forms, especially T2-high, targeted biologic therapies (anti-IL-5/IL-5R, anti-IL-4R, anti-TSLP) have revolutionized treatment, reducing dependence on oral corticosteroids and the need for surgical interventions (like endoscopic sinus surgery, ESS). Adopting a "treatable traits" approach is emerging as a key strategy for precision medicine in UAD.