Current Perspectives on Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches to Food Allergy in Veterinary Medicine

Food allergy is an exaggerated immune response, mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) or by cells, to food antigens. Dogs and cats may present with both dermatological and gastrointestinal manifestations, although non-seasonal pruritus is the most com-mon clinical sign. Despite advances in understanding the immunopathogenesis of this condition, the elimination–provocation trial remains the gold standard for diagnosis. However, new diagnostic approaches, like molecular allergen macroarrays and lym-phocyte proliferation assays, may complement traditional strategies, opening new perspectives for accurate diagnosis. For long-term management, strict avoidance of of-fending allergens is essential, but emerging therapeutic interventions, including im-munotherapy using food components and targeted modulation of the gut–skin axis, are promising for improving clinical outcomes. This review summarizes current knowledge and highlights innovative approaches that can transform the diagnosis and manage-ment of food allergy in companion animals.