The Sustainability of the Urban Landscape and Its Impact on Architectural Identity in Major Algerian Cities the Case of the Ancient Border Town of Tebessa

Through this research, we seek to explore the sustainability of the urban form and its impact on the harmony of the urban landscape and its influence on the urban identity of Tebessa, Algeria, a historic border city. This study examines the relationship between architecture, urban planning, and cultural preservation in a historically significant city experiencing modernization. It focuses on a multi-civilizational town with notable historical landmarks like Byzantine and Christian churches. The research investigates how contemporary urban development can either enhance or diminish city identity, addressing the central question of maintaining urban identity during continuous transformation. Key areas of analysis include architectural choices' impact on city aesthetics, and the role of public and green spaces in creating harmonious urban landscapes while preserving cultural and architectural heritage. The findings show that poor coordination between urban policies and identity elements can weaken urban landscape cohesion, undermining residents' sense of belonging. To address this, the study recommends enhancing urban management by integrating sustainable practices that honor local identity while fulfilling modern development needs. These recommendations include implementing strict urban planning regulations, promoting the preservation of historical monuments, and encouraging citizen participation in urban planning processes through a comprehensive approach that enhances the visual harmony of the city while preserving its unique urban identity.