Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia Presenting as Thyrotoxic Goiter: A Case Report and Narrative Review of Evidence

We report a rare case of precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia presenting as thyrotoxic goiter, highlighting the diagnostic challenges posed by the overlapping symptomatology of acute leukemia and hyperthyroidism. Such presentations may arise from direct leukemic thyroid infiltration or hematologic complications of antithyroid medications. Our patient, a 32-year-old woman with untreated hyperthyroidism, developed classic thyrotoxic features with hematological abnormalities that ultimately led to a leukemia diagnosis. This case underscores the importance of heightened vigilance when evaluating thyroid abnormalities in patients with hematologic manifestations.