A Combinatorial–Geometric Derivation of the Fine-Structure Constant from Inner-Time Projection Dynamics in the Duality of Time Theory

Within the Duality of Time Theory (DTT), the three spatial dimensions emerge dynamically from cyclic processes at the inner level of time before projection onto the outer level, where particles manifest as localized excitations. By applying intrinsic geometric–combinatorial constraints, the fine-structure constant \( \alpha \) can be derived from first principles: the integer \( \alpha_0^{-1} = 137 \) arises from spinor multiplicities and dimensional embedding, while curvature corrections introduce a small phase shift that adjusts the value to the experimental \( \alpha \approx 1/137.036 \). Though speculative in its ontological foundation, this framework provides a constructive account of \( \alpha \) and hints at a possible route for deriving additional physical constants from the combinatorial–geometric structure of temporal projection dynamics. Within the Duality of Time Theory (DTT), the three spatial dimensions emerge dynamically from cyclic processes at the inner level of time before projection onto the outer level, where particles manifest as localized excitations. By applying intrinsic geometric–combinatorial constraints, the fine-structure constant \( \alpha \) can be derived from first principles: the integer \( \alpha_0^{-1} = 137 \) arises from spinor multiplicities and dimensional embedding, while curvature corrections introduce a small phase shift that adjusts the value to the experimental \( \alpha \approx 1/137.036 \). Though speculative in its ontological foundation, this framework provides a constructive account of \( \alpha \) and hints at a possible route for deriving additional physical constants from the combinatorial–geometric structure of temporal projection dynamics.