Biodegradable PLGA Nanoparticles as a Landmark Drug Delivery Platform for Liver Fibrosis Treatment

This study aimed to develop a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanodrug delivery system and evaluate its potential in the treatment of liver fibrosis. PLGA nanoparticles were prepared using the emulsion–solvent evaporation method. Their morphology and size distribution were characterized by TEM, SEM and DLS. A CCl₄-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis was used, with groups including control, model, free drug and PLGA delivery (n = …). Therapeutic effects were assessed by serological tests (ALT, AST), histological analysis (Masson staining, immunohistochemistry), and hydroxyproline quantification. Pharmacokinetics were further evaluated to analyze in vivo distribution and bioavailability. The results showed that PLGA nanoparticles were regular spheres, with particle size mainly between 100 and 150 nm, a PDI below 0.2, and good stability and drug-loading capacity. Histological analysis indicated that the PLGA delivery group reduced collagen deposition and inflammatory response, and liver tissue structure was clearly restored. Serological tests showed that ALT and AST levels returned close to normal. Hydroxyproline content decreased by about 55% compared with the model group, and the therapeutic effect was superior to that of the free drug group. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the AUC of the PLGA delivery group increased by about 1.8-fold compared with the free drug group, indicating prolonged circulation and improved bioavailability. In conclusion, this study confirmed the advantages of PLGA nanocarriers in antifibrotic therapy. The system improved drug stability and in vivo distribution, and showed significant therapeutic benefits in both histological and biochemical outcomes. This provides a new direction and technical support for the clinical translation of antifibrotic drugs.