Revolutionizing English Vocabulary Learning through Augmented Reality: Innovative Strategies for Indonesian Classrooms

This study investigates the effectiveness of deep learning-based gamification using Augmented Reality (AR) in improving vocabulary retention among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students, while examining how AI-based learning personalization can increase students’ motivation and interest in vocabulary learning. Grounded in a conceptual framework integrating multimodal learning, adaptive feedback, and personalized AI systems, this qualitative study employed classroom observations, interviews, and document analysis. Data were collected from 10 lecturers and 30 university students in the English Language Education program through semi-structured interviews and learning platform records. The results reveal that AR-supported gamification significantly improves vocabulary retention by fostering interactive, contextual learning experiences. Students exposed to gamified AR lessons demonstrated greater enthusiasm, long-term memory retention, and deeper cognitive engagement than those receiving traditional instruction. Furthermore, personalized AI feedback and adaptive content delivery enhanced motivation, self-directed learning, and confidence. Key factors influencing successful implementation included digital infrastructure, availability of trained instructors, and quality of AR content. Despite promising results, this study acknowledges certain limitations, including technical constraints and unequal technology access among learners. Overall, the findings contribute to growing knowledge on AI and AR in language education, offering insights for educators, curriculum designers, and edtech developers. The study suggests further exploration of scalable models and the long-term impact of immersive technologies in diverse contexts.