Job Satisfaction, Quality of Life, and Turnover Intention Among Nurses: A Comparative Study of Pattern-Based and Rotating Shift Schedules

Background/Objectives: Shift work among nurses is associated with adverse outcomes, such as low job satisfaction, reduced quality of life, and high turnover intention. A pattern-based shift system has recently been introduced to provide more predictable and regular schedules. However, empirical research directly comparing the pattern-based shift system with traditional rotating shifts is lacking. Therefore, this study compared job satisfaction, quality of life, and turnover intention between nurses working under a pattern-based shift system and those working under a traditional rotating shift system. Methods: In total, 112 nurses (56 on a rotating shift and 56 on a pattern-based shift) were surveyed in this cross-sectional study. Job satisfaction was assessed using the Job Satisfaction Scale for Clinical Nurses, specifically developed for Korean nurses. Quality of life was measured using the Scale for Korean Adults’ Quality of Life. The Turnover Intention Measurement Tool, developed for Korean nurses, was used to evaluate turnover intention. Results: Nurses working under a pattern-based shift system reported significantly higher job satisfaction and quality of life than those in a traditional rotating shift system. No significant difference in turnover intention was observed between the two groups. Conclusions: Pattern-based shift systems were associated with higher job satisfaction and quality of life than traditional rotating shift systems; however, their impact on turnover intention was not significant. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive strategies in scheduling reform, as schedule predictability may improve nurses’ job satisfaction and quality of life but appears insufficient to reduce turnover intention, which is likely shaped by broader organizational and psychosocial factors.