The Impact of Endothelial Cell Values in Bone Marrow on the Survival of Patients with Multiple Myeloma—A Single-Center Observational Study

Background: This study aimed to analyze the survival of patients with multiple myeloma in relation to the value of endothelial cells involved in the process of tumor neoangiogenesis. Methods: In this non-randomized observational study, we prospectively evaluated a cohort of 74 adult patients with multiple myeloma who underwent a baseline assessment of the endothelial cell count in their bone marrow and received VCD or VTD anti-myeloma therapy followed by autoPBSCT. They were then evaluated for survival via long-term follow-up. Results: The survival of myeloma patients undergoing these therapies was analyzed, and we found that patients with higher endothelial cell counts had higher mortality rates during long-term follow-up. In the group of patients who died, the endothelial cell count was significantly higher (p = 0.024). We also observed that patients who initially had >2 osteolytic lesions had higher endothelial cell counts (p = 0.021). However, our analysis of endothelial cell count in relation to patient survival using antiangiogenic drugs showed that, in this group, the endothelial cell count was significantly higher in patients who died (p = 0.048). Conclusions: We found that patients with higher endothelial cell counts and those who did not receive antiangiogenic drugs from the start of therapy had higher mortality rates during long-term follow-up.