Micronutrient Intake and Its Association with Anemia Among Pregnant Women in Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Background/Objectives: Anemia remains a significant public health concern among pregnant women in low-income countries like Nigeria. Largely driven by micronutrient deficiencies, it leads to poor outcomes. This study examines pregnant women’s micronutrient intake and evaluates its relationship with anemia to inform targeted interventions. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 87 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Data on sociodemographic factors, dietary intake, and anthropometry were collected. Micronutrient intake was assessed using 24-hour recall and dietary diversity questionnaires. Hemoglobin was measured with an automated analyzer, and anemia was defined by WHO criteria. Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics, while logistic regression assessed associations between micronutrient intake and anemia. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Results: Most participants were aged 25–34, self-employed, and earned less than ₦50,000 monthly. Dietary analysis revealed widespread inadequacies in key micronutrients, including vitamins A, D, B1, B2, B6, C, folate, calcium, iron, and zinc, with over 90% failing to meet recommended dietary allowances. Anemia affected 48.2%, primarily mild cases, with no severe anemia observed. No significant anthropometric or blood pressure differences were noted between anemic and non-anemic women. However, low vitamin B2 intake was significantly associated with anemia (p = 0.021). Strong positive correlations were found between vitamin B12 and both vitamin D (r = 0.969) and E (r = 0.960). Conclusions: Anemia and low micronutrient intake are common among pregnant women in Ogbomoso. Regular hemoglobin checks, early detection of deficiencies, improved antenatal care, dietary guidance, and timely interventions like dietary diversification and supplementation are essential to address related health risks effectively.